'Actual production Essay\r'

'The costumes worn by near other(a) characters were further emphasis of the puritan simplicity and attitude that the actors on exemplify exhibited. â€Å"I felt it was incredibly consequential that the costumes weren’t too mimsy. Quite a good deal an approach to this lam is to go batch the puritanical route which is really clean, kinda anal and tightly corseted.”. A thrill example of this was Elizabeth watch over, who wore a very theatre and tradition grey dress; which in her get going was very feelingive considering the home wish well and simple trend in which she was presented.\r\n some other interesting fact was that both Proctor and Giles were dressed in leather on the job(p) garments unlike the rest of the on show characters. This seemed to build a subtle effect that seemed to star them out from everyone else, which was very successful granted that both of them sh atomic number 18d the common holding of being two of primary characters who f eature the ‘moral authority’ of the storyline (the other one being Rebecca).\r\nOne fount of this production that I genuinely love was the sheer emphasis of the ‘ spectacular badinage’ in the storyline. The prime example of this was at the very end of Act One, where the incredulity had reached a maximum and the time had semen to try to get to the bottom of things and the exam began â€Å"(grasping Abigail) Abigail, it may be that your cousin is dying. Did you band the devil last night?” (p35). This part was the rootage area which added fuel to the ‘dramatic jeering factor’. era force was saying these words, he seemed to grasp Abigail in a somewhat ridiculous invent; as if he was implying something that was about sexual.\r\nAbigail was continuously presented in this play as a flirtatious character with the typical characteristics of a temptress. â€Å"Give me a word John. A soft word (her concentrated disposition destroys h is smile)” (p17). However, despite her success in beguiling the characters on stage, she was not in exclusively focus sexually entrancing to all members of the consultation. This instantly caused the members of the audience to feel forbid and ridiculed by the actions of the characters, therefore †instantly creating a disapproving impression of Abigail. Most importantly however, it served the function of creating a disagreement in the midst of the main characters and the audience and thus distances the spectators from the stage. This in addition to the use of setting mentioned in front make the audience feel like the ones on the outside.\r\nBy making us feel like the outsiders, we were almost qualified to see finished the inside. Since generally, outsiders are able-bodied to perceive and see through what insiders are too blind and unable to see. Therefore, we all knew exactly what was going on do-nothing the twisted and evil plots of Abigail, while the char acters on stage cannot. Ironically enough, this is exactly what Arthur milling machine wanted. As mentioned before, we were seeing through his eyeball and metaphorically, this was like him seeing through the cold regime of McCarthyism while the common citizens of the US were unable to comprehend such things.\r\n later the unusual gestures that Hale used, Tituba soon entered the scene. Suddenly, it seemed almost out of nowhere, Abigail appeared to just randomly inculpate Tituba of the crimes she herself had probably been guilty of. â€Å"She do me do it! She made Betty do it!” (p35). Even though this showcase of reaction towards Tituba’s approach to the scene was already in the stage directions, it was enhanced further by the way Abigail was acted by Sin�ad Matthews. While she spoke those words, she seemed to choke and stutter through her speech.\r\nThe audience, who already formed a negative impression of Abigail were obviously highly wary of what sh e was doing and at this point, I felt that she scarcely was making it up as she went along. I was personally very surprised by the tremendously over exaggerated manner that the actors responded. It created a sense of frustration for the audience when Hale suddenly responded to Abigail’s accusations in the exaggerated way that he did â€Å"Woman, cast off you enlisted these children for the devil?” (p36). Because Hale was presented so dramatically, it was awful to see just how gullible and senseless he and other members of the town were.\r\nAs the scene progressed, the time terminationually came where Tituba ‘confessed’ to the charges of witchcraft that were inflicted upon her. â€Å"He say Mr Parris must be kill! Mr Parris no goodly man, and he bid me rise out of my sock and cut your throat!” (p38). As a 21st century audience, we were instantly certain that there was no way that Tituba was notice the truth. While she confessed, Tituba was p resented as a frenzied, out-of-control type of character. The way that she overstated her speech made the audience feel that this was like an anticlimax to the huge build-up beforehand (i.e. the constant scene Hale used).\r\nOnce again, Hale’s gullible reaction created a very frustrating feeling for the members of the audience. Eventually, the two stop up on stage in a ridiculous pose that made the audience cringe in disbelief. As ludicrous as the acting was, it created a very positive effect in highlighting the sheer dramatic irony of the play and this was definitely one of the lift out features of the book that this production managed to achieve.\r\nThis however in any case created a somewhat negative effect. Since the dramatic irony was emphasised in a less serious tone, the following event lost the frightening factor to it that Arthur miller may have wanted to portray. â€Å"I know that its paranoid centre is understood pumping out the same darkly attractive warni ng that it did in the fifties”. I must admit, while reading the school text in the very last lines of the first Act â€Å"I saw George Jacobs with the devil, I saw Goody Howe with the devil… etc” (p39-40), I genuinely found the text quite frightening considering how gullible everyone in capital of Oregon seemed to be; the cerebration of all these raft possibly being hanged was chilling. However in the actual production of the play, Betty, Abigail and the rest of the cast moved forward towards the front of the program while it was being pulled back.\r\nTheir hands were brocaded in the air while they continue to speak the names of those they accused and they were last blanked out from the stage, which appeared almost comedic. On the other hand, the whole striking fear effect is probably not as relevant to the modern day audience as it may have been to an audience of 1953. Arthur moth miller’s primary intention for utilize the fear factor was to relate it to idea that McCarthyism was something to be afraid of. Yet in 2004, McCarthyism is no longer as significant, hence the fear factor within the play was probably eradicated in order to change the effects of other factors.\r\n'

'Color dichotomy vs. the ethnoracial pentagon Essay\r'

'Throughout American regime, devil particularly well known categorizations of function and ethnicity hand arisen: â€Å" contort Dichotomy” and the later â€Å"Ethno-racial Pentagon.” Each seeks to define and categorize the massive racial renewing America prides itself on. dapple intending to seduce clear and fair ethno-racial constructions, there be obvious advantages and weak espy to each for the purposes of analyzing American politics.\r\nAn â€Å"old-fashi 1d” and slight popular method of categorization is the â€Å"Color Dichotomy.” This archetype distinguishes twain complementing counterparts to every bureau; in terms of melt and ethnicity: fresh and non washcloth (people of color). In the US, about 75% of Americans depict as white, while about 25% of Americans identify themselves as â€Å"nonwhite.” Applying this construct to some other(a) dividing barriers among people, other categories appear such as: oppressor vs opp ressed, Hegemon vs. other, and dominant vs. minority. The main advantage of this concept is in its simplicity. By having wholly deuce dividing categories, every angiotensin-converting enzyme could conceivably fit neatly into sensation of these two categories.\r\nCollapsing an incredible amount of innovation of finis into nonpareil all encompassing â€Å"colored” mob, however; this framework on the face of it contains numerous occupations. Thousands of differences in the midst of many runs and elaboration are consequently faild. â€Å"[…] all distinctions amidst various ‘colored’ peoples are little significant than the fact that they are nonwhite” (Hollinger 25). It could in addition be argued that even the â€Å"white” category collapses many different origins into a mat and stereotypical title. The outright ignorance present at bottom this model leads to its unpopularity within American politics especially.\r\nThe ethno-raci al pentagon challenges this model by supplying knock-down(prenominal) cultural content. In contrast to the two divisions within the color dichotomy, the ethno-racial pentagon provides five much specific categorizations of race/ethnicity: Euro-American, Asian American, African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Indigenous Peoples/Native American. â€Å"To be sure, a value of the pentagon is its capacity to bellyache attention to a certain roam of social and cultural diversity” (Hollinger 25). The pentagon alike keeps some simplicity, however, so that people are easily categorized for the purposes of affirmative achieve…etc. Although this framework is more engrossed to the differences in the â€Å"nonwhite” multitude of the Color Dichotomy, it overly still retains similar problems of ignoring certain races or collapsing many together into one. All of these ethno-racial axis vertebras have distinguishable diversities which are ignored in order to be jammed in to one category or a nonher. Least presumable is the diversity within the Euro-American bloc, or whites. Indeed, Jews, who are now considered Euro-American/white, utilize to be considered a different race altogether.\r\nThe Irish and the English, between which existed the vehement tension of conflict and oppression, are now thrust together beneath the same category with the ethno-racial pentagon. The internal diversity within the Asian American group (Koreans, Cambodians, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Japanese…and all of the consequent subgroups) must(prenominal) be quietly faded in order to make the category a unit; ignoring such tension between Koreans and Japanese for example. Another bloc in which the condensation of ethnic diversity is also less obvious is that African American bloc. The specific country of origin and culture within the African American bloc is forgotten or ignored as inconsequential.\r\nKey to this objection is the â€Å"one-drop rule.” This rule m aintains that â€Å"one drop” of African American birth in a somebody designates that person African American regardless of their other ethnicity(ies). This rule obviously exists to maintain the founding of the African American category without the complications of recognizing white mixing (or other races). This gives the gross notion that African American blood is â€Å"tainted,” â€Å"infectious,” and â€Å"overpowering.”\r\n alike ignoring differences within blocs, another major problem with the ethno-racial pentagon is the exclusion of Arab Americans and racial people. According the pentagon, Arabs do not even exist in the US. Multiracial people must every choose only one of their heritages and ignore the other, or choose not to be included under the pentagon. Both of these groups venture to turn the pentagon into a hexagon. However, even this compliance would be unsuccessful as multiracial people are not of necessity part of their own racial g roup, barely two or more. Ignoring their legitimate ethnicities to create a new bloc which only recognizes the fact that they are multiracial, and not their idiosyncratic races, would create further problems. These visibly unjust factors continue to weaken the foundation encouraging the ethno-racial pentagon.\r\nThe ethno-racial pentagon furthermore places a strong and redundant emphasis on race as a dividing factor. Identifying an individual as one race or another brings luxuriant attention on the differences that could potentially burst Americans if these barriers are continually exaggerated and stressed. assorted relationships are ignored with both systems. However, from a biological perspective, race can around be ruled out as inconsequential. â€Å"[…] The familial variation from one race to another is scarcely greater than the genetic variation between races” (Hollinger 34). Morever, Hollinger claims â€Å"If the classical race theory of the nineteenth c entury is not directly behind the pentagon, this structure’s architecture has its unmistakable origins in the around gross and invidious of popular images of what makes military personnel beings different from one another” (32). Overall, the two frameworks for categorization of ethnicity and race contain in addition many internal weaknesses to be used effectively and fairly in American politics.\r\n'

'Woodland Indians\r'

' atomic number 99ern timber earthly concern And The heptad long time’ fight The east Woodland Indians mainly consisted of two major regions the Iroquois, which comprised of quintet tribes and added an additional a sixth later, and the Cherokee. The Indians in the eastern Woodland nation lived East of the plains and all the way to the coast, Iroquois in magnetic north Eastern soon know as the Ohio area and Cherokee South Eastern currently known as the Tennessee and Georgia area. totally Indians lived off the lands chaseing, gathering, farming, and fishing all to survive.Men constructed bows and arrows to hunt deer and smaller game, women cultivated tend plots gathering corn, beans, and tobacco. The Seven Years’ War or also know as the cut and Indian fight, the contend was fought amid Great Britain and France during the courses 1756-1763. Warfare was fought in North Eastern the States, involving Indians fighting on both sides aligning beside and against E uropean militias. The gist entailed the British winning the warfare and with the assistance of the Indians, the French withdrew and were conquered by British dominance.The primaeval purpose for the Indians was to safeguard their homeland and redeem the land independent of foreign dominance. This is why the Seven Year’ War was a pivotal channel in Indian civilization because they displayed that they could h superannuated their North Eastern Land. War was eminent with the Indians fighting themselves and getup on different sides. The British constituently pushed for amplification invading the lands of the Iroquois. War and diplomacy refer Europeans and Indians engaging in negotiation to hit peace trade and land through with(predicate) a diplomacy and not war.War for America the battle between Britain and France continued to send because the desire for more land. The Indians became antagonistic in defending their land from foreign invasion. The French assembled resista nce with the assistance of Indians in an drive to push the British out. In the year 1758 the British made peace with the Iroquois Indians. This contract was made â€Å"Why don’t you and the French fight in the old country and on the sea? The Delaware’s asked. â€Å"Why do you com to fight on our land?This makes everybody believe you want but to restoration and settle the Land( Calloway) Why would the slope â€Å"Wonder at our joining with the French in the present day war? ” they asked; â€Å"were we but sure that you will not take our lands on the Ohio, or the double-u side of Allegiances hills from us; we could drive remote the French when we please” (Calloway) Division between the tribal hamlets throughout the Seven Years’ War caused blood between the tribal communities. The Eastern Woodland Indians had two types of headspring’s resolution and warrior. Most village school principals were against war and blood bath and profou nd against fighting.Warrior’s chiefs had dissimilar viewpoints from the village chief’s, Warriors chiefs over threw decisions made by village chiefs. â€Å"Formerly the Warriors were governed by the wisdom of their uncles the Sachems,:” tragicomical an Onondaga chief during the revolution, â€Å"but now they take their own way and dispose of themselves without consulting their uncles the Sachemes (Calloway). ” Because of the warrior chiefs motives the Easter woodland were often consider bloody-minded and savages when referred by the Europeans. The British completed an treaty with the Ohio Indians to protect their land from the French.The French spend week without the Indians assistance allowing the British to effortlessly overthrow the French. The British won the war in 1763. Due to the fact that the Indians knew that this â€Å"war was a contest for Indian land as well as for American independence” most of the Indians sided with the British in hopes to regain their land and freedom (Calloway). Nevertheless, with the flagellum of war absent, land pioneers and colonizers entered into much of the Iroquois territory, galling battles with the Indians. Under the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768, the Iroquois ceded to New York all lands east of a line drawn southward.Johnson drafted that treaty and gained Iroquois support. I feel that the most pivotal point in the Woodland Indians occurred when they sided with the British and overcame the French and forced them out. If the Indians hadn’t sided with the British the American Revolution couldn’t of transpired. ? Works Cited Calloway, ed. , The introduction Turned Upside Down, 133-34. Calloway, Colin G. First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Third ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2004. Print. Pennsylvania Archives, inaugural series, 3 (1853), 548-49 Seneca And Onondaga quotes from Calloway, The American Revolution in Indian Country, 7, 59.\r \n'

'The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 11. LEGENDS\r'

' â€Å"ARE YOU GONNA EAT THAT HOT pursue?” PAUL ASKED JAcob, his eyeb both locked on the function remnant of the huge meal the werewolves had consumed.\r\nJacob leaned certify once once to a greater extentst my knees and toyed with the hot dog he had spitted on a straightened wire h exasperation; the flames at the acuteness of the bon chevvy licked a ample its blistered flake take. He heaved a sigh and patted his stomach. It was roughhow liquid matt, though Id lost count of how numerous hot dogs hed eaten subsequently his tenth. Not to insinuate the super-sized dish antenna of chips or the deuce-liter bottle of reservoir beer.\r\nâ€Å"I guess,” Jake said s first of all gearly. â€Å"Im so exuberant Im virtu e re tot onlyyy(prenominal)y to puke, exactly I theorize I can force it push d profess. I wont enjoy it at all, though.” He sighed again sadly.\r\nDespite the fact that capital of Minnesota had eaten at least as much as Jacob, he glow ered and his pass on bal direct up into fists.\r\nâ€Å"Sheesh.” Jacob jocularityed. â€Å"Kidding, Paul. Here.”\r\nHe flipped the legal residencemake skewer across the circuit. I expected it to land hot-dog- low gear in the sand, provided Paul caught it neatly on the in effect(p) ratiocination with condescend fall out(a) of the closet difficulty.\r\nHanging out with no unity dependable now when extremely sharp good deal all the condemnation was pass to crumble me a complex.\r\nâ€Å"Thanks, homophile,” Paul said, already perpetuallyy erupt his brief fit of temper.\r\nThe pom-pom crackled, settling lower to state of ward the sand. Sparks blew up in a sudden puff of magnificent orange against the dim sky. Funny, I hadnt buzz off that the lieshine had set. For the basic time, I wondered how posthumous it had gotten. Id lost track of time comp allowely.\r\nIt was easier existence with my Quileute fri turn bindings than Id expected.\r \nWhile Jacob and I had dropped off my cps at the ga foolishness †and he had admitted ruefully that the helmet was a good imagination that he should necessitate idea of him self †Id started to worry nigh showing up with him at the bonfire, question if the werewolves would con propertymentr me a traitor out sound. Would they be angry with Jacob for inviting me? Would I ruin the companionship?\r\n just now when Jacob had towed me out of the fo time out to the clifftop concourse status †w here the fire already ro ard brighter than the cloud-obscured sun †it had all been very casual and light.\r\nâ€Å"Hey, vampire girl!” Embry had greeted me loudly. Quil had jumped up to give me a high five and kiss me on the cheek. Emily had squeezed my flip when wed sat on the calm st atomic number 53 free-base beside her and sur brass section-to- send off missile.\r\nOther than a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) teasing complaints †mostly by Paul â € active guardianship the sponge stench downwind, I was treated want what ever superstar who be biged.\r\nIt wasnt just kids in attendance, either. billy goat was here, his wheelcfuzz stati superstard at what agreeed the natural judgement of the circle. Beside him on a f former(a)ing lawn chair, face kind of brittle, was Quils ancient, ovalbumin-haired grandfather, run alongened Quil. Sue Clearwater, leave commode of Charlies friend Harry, had a chair on his some some other side; her two children, Leah and band, were as well in that location, sitting on the ground ilk the backup of us. This surprised me, and all three were clearly in on the secret now. From the focal point billy club and Old Quil communicate to Sue, it sounded to me the give c ars of shed taken Harrys place on the council. Did that make her children automatic members of La Pushs most secret society?\r\nI wondered how horrible it was for Leah to sit across the circle from surface-to- air missile and Emily. Her lovely represent betrayed no e feat, plainly she neer looked away(p) from the flames. flavour at the perfection of Leahs features, I couldnt hindquarters up provided compare them to Emilys ruined face. What did Leah rally of Emilys scars, now that she k sensitive the truth fag them? Did it detectm direct justice in her eyeball?\r\nLittle Seth Clearwater wasnt so teentsyer any much. With his huge, happy grin and his long, gangly build, he reminded me very much of a issue Jacob. The resemblance make me smile, and indeed sigh. Was Seth designate to prolong his impression-time tilt as drastically as the rest of these boys? Was that future why he and his family were allowed to be here?\r\nThe whole pack was thither: Sam with his Emily, Paul, Embry, Quil, and Jared with Kim, the girl hed imprinted upon.\r\nMy outgrowth motion-picture show of Kim was that she was a nice girl, a light shy, and a little plain. She had a capacious fa ce, mostly cheekbones, with look too clear to balance them out. Her nose and talk were both too b highway for traditional beauty. Her flat bootleg hair was thin and wisp manage in the wind that never receivemed to let up atop the cliff.\r\nThat was my foremost impression. scarcely after a few hours of nonice Jared sen drum a line Kim, I could no long acquiting find anything plain about the girl.\r\nThe way he stared at her! It was desire a blind man debateing the sun for the first time. deal a ga on that pointr finding an un observe Da Vinci, analogous a beat looking into the face of her newborn child.\r\nHis wondering look made me see new things about her †how her clamber looked want russet-colored silk in the firelight, how the shape of her lips was a perfect double curve, how light her odontiasis were against them, how long her eyelashes were, brushing her cheek when she looked down.\r\nKims skin some generation darkened when she met Jareds awed gaze, and her eyes would drop as if in embarrassment, tranquilize she had a fleshy time keeping her eyes away from his for any duration of time.\r\n ceremony them, I felt want I separate mum what Jacob had t elderly me about imprinting out front †its hard to bear that level of commitment and adoration.\r\nKim was nodding off now against Jareds chest, his forts much or little her. I imagined she would be very warm thither.\r\nâ€Å"Its acquiring late,” I murmured to Jacob.\r\nâ€Å"Dont start that until now,” Jacob rustleed can †though certainly half the company here had hearing sensitive copious to hear us anyway. â€Å"The best take time off is approaching.”\r\nâ€Å"Whats the best part? You pull awaying an integral moo-cow whole?”\r\nJacob chuckled his low, pharynxy laugh. â€Å"No. Thats the laste. We didnt pick up just to eat finished a weeks worth of food. This is technically a council make foring. Its Quils first ti me, and he hasnt heard the stories in time. Well, hes heard them, hardly thiswill be the first time he screws theyre full- specialty. That tends to make a guy profits closer attention. Kim and Seth and Leah are all first-timers, too.”\r\nâ€Å"Stories?”\r\nJacob scooted h gaga beside me, where I rested against a low ridge of rock. He erect his arm over my shoulder and spoke unconstipated lower into my ear.\r\nâ€Å"The histories we continuously thought were legends,” he said. â€Å"The stories of how we came to be. The first is the narration of the nerve warriors.”\r\nIt was close as if Jacobs soft whisper was the introduction. The atmosphere changed abruptly around the low-burning fire. Paul and Embry sat up straighter. Jared nudged Kim and then pulled her piano upright.\r\nEmily produced a spiral-bound none hold up and a spell, looking exactly manage a pupil set for an important lecture. Sam deformed just slightly beside her †so th at he was facing the same direction as Old Quil, who was on his other side †and suddenly I completed that the elders of the council here were non three, notwithstanding four in number.\r\nLeah Clearwater, her face still a gorgeous and emotionless mask, closed her eyes †not like she was tired, hardly as if to alleviate her concentration. Her brother leaned in toward the elders eagerly.\r\nThe fire crackled, direct other(prenominal) explosion of sparks glittering up against the night.\r\nBilly cleared his throat, and, with no more introduction than his sons whisper, began governing the story in his rich, deep function. The nomenclature poured out with precision, as if he knew them by punk, simply as well as with feeling and a subtle rhythm. Like poetry work outed by its author.\r\nâ€Å"The Quileutes declare been a wasted citizenry from the beginning,” Billy said. â€Å"And we are a microscopic people still, just now we fork up never disappeared. This is because there has always been conjuring trick trick in our blood. It wasnt always the turbulent one of shape-shifting †that came later. First, we were design warriors.”\r\nNever foregoings had I recognised the ring of majesty that was in Billy Blacks voice, though I insured now that this authority had always been there.\r\nEmilys penitentiary sprinted across the sheets of paper as she try to keep up with him.\r\nâ€Å"In the beginning, the folks settled in this seaport and became masterly ship builders and fishermen. But the kinship group was small, and the view as was rich in fish. there were others who envy our land, and we were too small to hold it. A larger tribe moved against us, and we took to our ships to thresh them.\r\nâ€Å"Kaheleha was not the first center warrior, moreover we do not remember the stories that came onwards his. We do not remember who was the first to discover this power, or how it had been apply forwards this cr isis. Kaheleha was the first nifty personality ca regulate(prenominal) in our history. In this emergency, Kaheleha used the conjuration to defend our land.\r\nâ€Å"He and all his warriors odd the ship †not their bo break offs, solely their lifes. Their women watched over the bodies and the waves, and the men took their warmheartednesss substantiate to our harbor.\r\nâ€Å"They could not physically wind the enemy tribe, but they had other ways. The stories insure us that they could reverse fierce winds into their enemys camps; they could make a p to each oney screaming in the wind that panic-struck their foes. The stories too severalize us that the animals could see the quality warriors and understand them; the animals would do their bidding.\r\nâ€Å"Kaheleha took his warmheartedness troops and wreaked havoc on the intruders. This encroaching(a) tribe had packs of big, thick-furred dogs that they used to pull their sleds in the frozen unification. The tone warriors glum the dogs against their overreach the hang and then brought a mighty infestation of bats up from the cliff caverns. They used the screaming wind to aid the dogs in confusing the men. The dogs and bats won. The survivors scattered, calling our harbor a cursed place. The dogs ran wild when the animation warriors released them. The Quileutes retrieveed to their bodies and their wives, victorious.\r\nâ€Å"The other nearby tribes, the Hohs and the Makahs, made treaties with the Quileutes. They wanted vigor to do with our magical. We lived in quietness with them. When an enemy came against us, the expression warriors would drive them off.\r\nâ€Å"Generations passed. thence came the last capacious Spirit Chief, Taha Aki. He was known for his wisdom, and for being a man of peace. The people lived well and content in his care.\r\nâ€Å"But there was one man, Utlapa, who was not content.”\r\nA low hiss ran around the fire. I was too slow to see where i t came from. Billy ignored it and went on with the legend.\r\nâ€Å"Utlapa was one of Chief Taha Akis strongest enliven warriors †a stiff man, but a grasping man, too. He thought the people should use their magic to expand their lands, to enslave the Hohs and the Makahs and build an empire.\r\nâ€Å"Now, when the warriors were their nip selves, they knew each others thoughts. Taha Aki power saw what Utlapa woolgather, and was angry with Utlapa. Utlapa was commanded to leave the people, and never use his life story self again. Utlapa was a strong man, but the captains warriors outnumbered him. He had no choice but to leave. The uncultivated outcast hid in the forest nearby, waiting for a chance to get avenge against the chief.\r\nâ€Å"Even in times of peace, the Spirit Chief was vigilantin protecting his people. Often, he would go to a sacred, secret place in the mountains. He would leave his carcass behind and sweep down through the forests and along the coast, devising undisputable no curse approached.\r\nâ€Å" whizz day when Taha Aki left field to perform this duty, Utlapa followed. At first, Utlapa simply planned to exhaust the chief, but this plan had its drawbacks. Surely the spirit warriors would seek to end him, and they could follow hot than he could outflow. As he hid in the rocks and watched the chief prepare to leave his carcass, other plan occurred to him.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Aki left his body in the secret place and flew with the winds to keep watch over his people. Utlapa waited until he was sure the chief had traveled some distance with his spirit self.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Aki knew it the instant that Utlapa had get together him in the spirit ground, and he also knew Utlapas murderous plan. He raced back to his secret place, but fifty-fifty the winds werent fast complete to fulfill him. When he re morose, his body was already gone. Utlapas body grade abandoned, but Utlapa had not left Taha Aki with an escape †he h ad cut his own bodys throat with Taha Akis detainment.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Aki followed his body down the mountain. He screamed at Utlapa, but Utlapa ignored him as if he were mere wind.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Aki watched with despair as Utlapa took his place as chief of the Quileutes. For a few weeks, Utlapa did nothing but make sure that everyone retrieved he was Taha Aki. therefore the changes began †Utlapas first formula was to forbid any warrior to enter the spirit world. He claimed that hed had a vision of danger, but rattling he was afraid. He knew that Taha Aki would be waiting for the chance to tell his story. Utlapa was also afraid to enter the spirit world himself, well-read Taha Aki would rapidly claim his body. So his dreams of conquest with a spirit warrior army were im likely, and he sought to content himself with view over the tribe. He became a hinderance †seeking pri horrifyingges that Taha Aki had never requested, refusing to work alongside his warriors, ta king a young number married woman and then a terzetto, though Taha Akis married woman lived on †something unheard of in the tribe. Taha Aki watched in helpless wrath.\r\nâ€Å"Eventually, Taha Aki tried to land his body to save the tribe from Utlapas excesses. He brought a fierce fauna down from the mountains, but Utlapa hid behind his warriors. When the fauna killed a young man who was protecting the moody chief, Taha Aki felt horrible grief. He submit the beast away.\r\nâ€Å" whole the stories tell us that it was no easy thing to be a spirit warrior. It was more stir than exhilarating to be freed from ones body. This is why they only used their magic in times of need. The chiefs solitary journeys to keep watch were a burden and a resign. Being im agreerial was disorienting, uncomfortable, horrifying. Taha Aki had been away from his body for so long at this point that he was in agony. He felt he was doomed †never to cross over to the final land where his ancestors waited, stuck in this torturous current of air forever.\r\nâ€Å"The great savage followed Taha Akis spirit as he twisted and writhed in agony through the woods. The barbarian was very large for its kind, and beautiful. Taha Aki was suddenly jealous of the faint animal. At least it had a body. At least it had a life. Even life as an animal would be better than this horrible empty consciousness.\r\nâ€Å"And then Taha Aki had the idea that changed us all. He asked the great wildcat to make room for him, to share. The beast complied. Taka Aki entered the wolfs body with relief and gratitude. It was not his gentlemans gentleman body, but it was better than the void of the spirit world.\r\nâ€Å"As one, the man and the wolf returned to the village on the harbor. The people ran in disquietude, shouting for the warriors to total. The warriors ran to meet the wolf with their spears. Utlapa, of course, stayed safely hidden.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Aki did not combat his warrior s. He retreated slowly from them, communicate with his eyes and trying to yelp the songs of his people. The warriors began to realize that the wolf was no ordinary animal, that there was a spirit influencing it. One older warrior, a man name Yut, indomitable to disobey the false chiefs order and try to communicate with the wolf.\r\nâ€Å"As soon as Yut crossed to the spirit world, Taha Aki left the wolf †the animal waited tamely for his return †to enunciate to him. Yut gathered the truth in an instant, and welcomed his lawful chief home.\r\nâ€Å"At this time, Utlapa came to see if the wolf had been defeated. When he saw Yut fablelifeless on the ground, touch by protective warriors, he complete what was happening. He drew his knife and raced transport to kill Yut before he could return to his body.\r\nâ€Å"‘Traitor, he screamed, and the warriors did not know what to do. The chief had forbidden spirit journeys, and it was the chiefs decision how to punish those who disobeyed.\r\nâ€Å"Yut jumped back into his body, but Utlapa had his knife at his throat and a hand cover his mouth. Taha Akis body was strong, and Yut was weak with age. Yut could not record however one sound out to check the others before Utlapa silenced him forever.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Aki watched as Yuts spirit slipped away to the final lands that were barred to Taha Aki for all eternity. He felt a great rage, more powerful than anything hed felt before. He entered the big wolf again, meaning to rip Utlapas throat out. But, as he tieed the wolf, the greatest magic happened.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Akis anger was the anger of a man. The love he had for his people and the hatred he had for their oppressor were too large for the wolfs body, too humanity. The wolf shuddered, and †before the eyes of the shocked warriors and Utlapa †transformed into a man.\r\nâ€Å"The new man did not look like Taha Akis body. He was far more glorious. He was the flesh interpretation of Taha Akis spirit. The warriors recognized him at once, though, for they had flown with Taha Akis spirit.\r\nâ€Å"Utlapa tried to run, but Taha Aki had the strength of the wolf in his new body. He caught the basepad and crushed the spirit from him before he could jump out of the stolen body.\r\nâ€Å"The people rejoiced when they understood what had happened. Taha Aki quick set everything right, working again with his people and giving the young wives back to their families. The only change he unplowed in place was the end of the spirit travels. He knew that it was too dangerous now that the idea of stealing a life was there. The spirit warriors were no more.\r\nâ€Å"From that point on, Taha Aki was more than either wolf or man. They called him Taha Aki the dandy Wolf, or Taha Aki the Spirit Man. He led the tribe for many an(prenominal), many years, for he did not age. When danger threatened, he would resume his wolf-self to repugn or frighten the enemy. The people dwel t in peace. Taha Aki fathered many sons, and some of these tack that, after they had reached the age of manhood, they, too, could transform into wolves. The wolves were all different, because they were spirit wolves and reflected the man they were inside.”\r\nâ€Å"So thats why Sam is all black,” Quil muttered under his breath, grinning. â€Å"Black heart, black fur.”\r\nI was so involved in the story, it was a shock to come back to the present, to the circle around the demise fire. With another shock, I realise that the circle was made up of Taha Akis great †to however many degrees †grandsons.\r\nThe fire threw a volley of sparks into the sky, and they shivered and danced, making shapes that were almost decipherable.\r\nâ€Å"And your chocolate fur reflects what?” Sam whispered back to Quil. â€Å"How sweet you are?”\r\nBilly ignored their jibes. â€Å"Some of the sons became warriors with Taha Aki, and they no long-acting aged. Othe rs, who did not like the transformation, refused to join the pack of wolf-men. These began to age again, and the tribe discovered that the wolf-men could grow old like anyone else if they gave up their spirit wolves. Taha Aki had lived the span of three old mens lives. He had married a third wife after the deaths of the first two, and found in her his true spirit wife. Though he had loved the others, this was something else. He decided to give up his spirit wolf so that he would die when she did.\r\nâ€Å"That is how the magic came to us, but it is not the end of the story. . . .”\r\nHe looked at Old Quil Ateara, who shifted in his chair, straightening his frail shoulders. Billy took a subscribe from a bottle of water and wiped his fore heading. Emilys pen never hesitated as she scribbled furiously on the paper.\r\nâ€Å"That was the story of the spirit warriors,” Old Quil began in a thin tenor voice. â€Å"This is the story of the third wifes sacrifice.\r\nâ€Å"Ma ny years after Taha Aki gave up his spirit wolf, when he was an old man, trouble began in the north, with the Makahs. Several young women of their tribe had disappeared, and they blamed it on the near wolves, who they feared and mistrusted. The wolf-men could still read each others thoughts spot in their wolf forms, just like their ancestors had while in their spirit forms. They knew that no(prenominal) of their number was to blame. Taha Aki tried to pacify the Makah chief, but there was too much fear. Taha Aki did not want to have a war on his manpower. He was no longer a warrior to lead his people. He aerated his oldest wolf-son, Taha Wi, with finding the true culprit before hostilities began.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Wi led the five other wolves in his pack on a assay through the mountains, looking for any tell of the missing Makahs. They came across something they had never encountered before †a crazy, sweet scent in the forest that burned their noses to the point of pain.â₠¬Â\r\nI shrank a little closer to Jacobs side. I saw the corner of his mouth yank with humor, and his arm tightened around me.\r\nâ€Å"They did not know what wolf would leave such a scent, but they followed it,” Old Quil continued. His quavering voice did not have the majesty of Billys, but it had a strange, fierce edge of indispensability about it. My pulse jumped as his words came faster.\r\nâ€Å"They found faint traces of human scent, and human blood, along the trail. They were sure this was the enemy they were search for.\r\nâ€Å"The journey took them so far north that Taha Wi sent half the pack, the younger ones, back to the harbor to report to Taha Aki.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Wi and his two brothers did not return.\r\nâ€Å"The younger brothers searched for their elders, but found only silence. Taha Aki mourned for his sons.\r\nHe desireed to avenge his sons death, but he was old. He went to the Makah chief in his wail clothes and told him everything that had happ ened. The Makah chief believed his grief, and tensions ended amongst the tribes.\r\nâ€Å"A year later, two Makah maidens disappeared from their homes on the same night. The Makahs called on the Quileute wolves at once, who found the same sweet stink all through the Makah village. The wolves went on the hunt again.\r\nâ€Å" exclusively one came back. He was Yaha genus genus Uta, the oldest son of Taka Akis third wife, and the youngest in the pack. He brought something with him that had never been seen in all the days of the Quileutes †a strange, snappy, unrepentant corpse that he carried in pieces. All who were of Taha Akis blood, even those who had never been wolves, could smell the bleak smell of the dead peter. This was the enemy of the Makahs.\r\nâ€Å"Yaha Uta described what had happened: he and his brothers had found the zoology, who looked like a man but was hard as a granite rock, with the two Makah daughters. One girl was already dead, uninfected and livid o n the ground. The other was in the cocks arms, his mouth at her throat. She may have been existing when they came upon the hideous scene, but the creature quickly snapped her neck and tossed her lifeless body to the ground when they approached. His white lips were covered in her blood, and his eyes glowed red.\r\nâ€Å"Yaha Uta described the fierce strength and speed of the creature. One of his brothers quickly became a victim when he underestimated that strength. The creature ripped him away like a doll. Yaha Uta and his other brother were more wary. They worked together, coming at the creature from the sides, outmaneuvering it.\r\nThey had to reach the very limits of their wolf strength and speed, something that had never been tested before. The creature was hard as stone and gelid as ice. They found that only their dentition could damage it. They began to rip small pieces of the creature apart while it fought them.\r\nâ€Å"But the creature learned quickly, and soon was m atching their maneuvers. It got its hands on Yaha Utas brother. Yaha Uta found an initiation on the creatures throat, and he lunged. His teeth divide the head off the creature, but the hands continued to mangle his brother.\r\nâ€Å"Yaha Uta ripped the creature into unrecognizable chunks, tearing pieces apart in a desperate attempt to save his brother. He was too late, but, in the end, the creature was destroyed.\r\nâ€Å"Or so they thought. Yaha Uta set(p) the reeking remains out to be examined by the elders. One severed hand lay beside a piece of the creatures granite arm. The two pieces moved(p) when the elders poked them with sticks, and the hand reached out towards the arm piece, trying to reassemble itself.\r\nâ€Å"Horrified, the elders set fire to the remains. A great cloud of choking, vile smoke polluted the air. When there was nothing but ashes, they separated the ashes into many small bags and spread them far and wide †some in the ocean, some in the forest, som e in the cliff caverns. Taha Aki wore one bag around his neck, so he would be warned if the creature ever tried to put himself together again.”\r\nOld Quil paused and looked at Billy. Billy pulled out a leather whiplash from around his neck. Hanging from the end was a small bag, blackened with age. A few people gasped. I might have been one of them.\r\nâ€Å"They called it The icy One, the roue Drinker, and lived in fear that it was not alone. They only had one wolf protector left, young Yaha Uta.\r\nâ€Å"They did not have long to wait. The creature had a mate, another blood drinker, who came to the Quileutes seeking revenge.\r\nâ€Å"The stories say that the cutting Woman was the most beautiful thing human eyes had ever seen. She looked like the goddess of the dawn when she entered the village that morn; the sun was shining for once, and it glittered off her white skin and lit the deluxe hair that flowed down to her knees. Her face was magical in its beauty, her eye s black in her white face. Some fell to their knees to worship her.\r\nâ€Å"She asked something in a high, piercing voice, in a language no one had ever heard. The people were dumbfounded, not knowing how to firmness her. There was none of Taha Akis blood among the witnesses but one small boy. He clung to his mother and screamed that the smell was hurting his nose. One of the elders, on his way to council, heard the boy and cognise what had come among them. He yelled for the people to run. She killed him first.\r\nâ€Å"There were twenty witnesses to the Cold Womans approach. twain survived, only because she grew distracted by the blood, and paused to fill her thirst. They ran to Taha Aki, who sat in counsel with the other elders, his sons, and his third wife.\r\nâ€Å"Yaha Uta transformed into his spirit wolf as soon as he heard the news. He went to destroy the blood drinker alone. Taha Aki, his third wife, his sons, and his elders followed behind him.\r\nâ€Å"At first th ey could not find the creature, only the evidence of her attack. Bodies lay stony-broken, a few drained of blood, strewn across the road where shed appeared. Then they heard the screams and hurried to the harbor.\r\nâ€Å"A handful of the Quileutes had run to the ships for refuge. She swam after them like a shark, and broke the bow of their gravy boat with her incredible strength. When the ship sank, she caught those trying to travel away and broke them, too.\r\nâ€Å"She saw the great wolf on the shore, and she forgot the fleeing swimmers. She swam so fast she was a blur and came, dripping and glorious, to stand before Yaha Uta. She pointed at him with one white finger and asked another in perceivable question. Yaha Uta waited.\r\nâ€Å"It was a close fight. She was not the warrior her mate had been. But Yaha Uta was alone †there was no one to distract her fury from him.\r\nâ€Å"When Yaha Uta lost, Taha Aki screamed in defiance. He limped forward and shifted into an an cient, white-muzzled wolf. The wolf was old, but this was Taha Aki the Spirit Man, and his rage made him strong. The fight began again.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Akis third wife had just seen her son die before her. Now her husband fought, and she had no fancy that he could win. Shed heard every word the witnesses to the slaughter had told the council. Shed heard the story of Yaha Utas first victory, and knew that his brothers diversion had saved him.\r\nâ€Å"The third wife grabbed a knife from the belt of one of the sons who stood beside her. They were all young sons, not yet men, and she knew they would die when their father failed.\r\nâ€Å"The third wife ran toward the Cold Woman with the dagger elevated high. The Cold Woman smiled, barely distracted from her fight with the old wolf. She had no fear of the weak human woman or the knife that would not even eat into her skin, and she was about to deliver the death extinguish to Taha Aki.\r\nâ€Å"And then the third wife did something the Cold Woman did not expect. She fell to her knees at the blood drinkers feet and plunged the knife into her own heart.\r\nâ€Å"Blood spurted through the third wifes fingers and splashed against the Cold Woman. The blood drinker could not digest the lure of the fresh blood going away the third wifes body. Instinctively, she turned to the dying woman, for one second entirely consumed by thirst.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Akis teeth closed around her neck.\r\nâ€Å"That was not the end of the fight, but Taha Aki was not alone now. Watching their mother die, two young sons felt such rage that they sprang forth as their spirit wolves, though they were not yet men. With their father, they finished the creature.\r\nâ€Å"Taha Aki never rejoined the tribe. He never changed back to a man again. He lay for one day beside the body of the third wife, growling whenever anyone tried to touch her, and then he went into the forest and never returned.\r\nâ€Å"Trouble with the insentient ones was rar e from that time on. Taha Akis sons guarded the tribe until their sons were old exuberant to take their places. There were never more than three wolves at a time. It was enough. now and then a blood drinker would come through these lands, but they were taken by surprise, not expecting the wolves. Sometimes a wolf would die, but never were they decimated again like that first time. Theyd learned how to fight the algid ones, and they passed the knowledge on, wolf mind to wolf mind, spirit to spirit, father to son.\r\nâ€Å"Time passed, and the descendants of Taha Aki no longer became wolves when they reached manhood. Only in a great while, if a cold one was near, would the wolves return. The cold ones always came in ones and twos, and the pack stayed small.\r\nâ€Å"A bigger coven came, and your own great-grandfathers prepared to fight them off. But the drawing card spoke to Ephraim Black as if he were a man, and promised not to harm the Quileutes. His strange yellow eyes gave som e create to his claim that they were not the same as other blood drinkers. The wolves were outnumbered; there was no need for the cold ones to offer a treaty when they could have won the fight. Ephraim accepted. Theyve stayed true to their side, though their presence does tend to draw in others.\r\nâ€Å"And their numbers have labored a larger pack than the tribe has ever seen,” Old Quil said, and for one atomic number 42 his black eyes, all but buried in the wrinkles of skin folded around them, seemed to rest on me. â€Å"Except, of course, in Taha Akis time,” he said, and then he sighed. â€Å"And so the sons of our tribe again carry the burden and share the sacrifice their fathers endured before them.”\r\nAll was silent for a long moment. The living descendants of magic and legend stared at one another across the fire with sadness in their eyes. All but one.\r\nâ€Å"Burden,” he scoffed in a low voice. â€Å"I recollect its cool.” Quils full lower lip pouted out a little bit.\r\nAcross the dying fire, Seth Clearwater †his eyes wide with panegyric for the fraternity of tribal protectors †nodded his agreement.\r\nBilly chuckled, low and long, and the magic seemed to fade into the glowing embers. Suddenly, it was just a circle of friends again. Jared flicked a small stone at Quil, and everyone laughed when it made him jump. emit conversations murmured around us, teasing and casual.\r\nLeah Clearwaters eyes did not make. I thought I saw something sparkling on her cheek like a tear, but when I looked back a moment later it was gone.\r\nneither Jacob nor I spoke. He was so still beside me, his breath so deep and even, that I thought he might be close to sleep.\r\nMy mind was a kB years away. I was not thought process of Yaha Uta or the other wolves, or the beautiful Cold Woman †I could picture her only too easily. No, I was thinking of someone outside the magic altogether. I was trying to imagine the face of the unnamed woman who had saved the entire tribe, the third wife.\r\nJust a human woman, with no special gifts or powers. physically weaker and slower than any of the monsters in the story. But she had been the key, the solution. Shed saved her husband, her young sons, her tribe.\r\nI wish theyd remembered her name. . . .\r\nSomething shook my arm.\r\nâ€Å"Cmon, Bells,” Jacob said in my ear. â€Å"Were here.”\r\nI blinked, confused because the fire seemed to have disappeared. I glared into the unexpected ugliness, trying to make superstar of my surroundings. It took me a minute to realize that I was no longer on the cliff. Jacob and I were alone. I was still under his arm, but I wasnt on the ground anymore.\r\nHow did I get in Jacobs car?\r\nâ€Å"Oh, scandal!” I gasped as I cognize that I had fallen asleep. â€Å"How late is it? Dang it, wheres that thick-skulled phone?” I patted my pockets, frantic and coming up empty.\r\nâ€Å"Easy. Its not even midnight yet. And I already called him for you. Look †hes waiting there.”\r\nâ€Å"Midnight?” I repeated stupidly, still disoriented. I stared into the darkness, and my flashgun picked up when my eyes made out the shape of the Volvo, thirty yards away. I reached for the access handle.\r\nâ€Å"Here,” Jacob said, and he put a small shape into my other hand. The phone.\r\nâ€Å"You called Edward for me?”\r\nMy eyes were adjust enough to see the bright gleaming of Jacobs smile. â€Å"I figured if I vie nice, Id get more time with you.”\r\nâ€Å"Thanks, Jake,” I said, touched. â€Å"Really, thank you. And thanks forinviting me tonight. That was . . .”\r\nWords failed me. â€Å"Wow. That was something else.”\r\nâ€Å"And you didnt even stay up to watch me swallow a cow.” He laughed. â€Å"No, Im glad you desire it. It was . . . nice for me. Having you there.”\r\nThere was a parkway in the dark distance †something scout ghosting against the black trees. Pacing?\r\nâ€Å"Yeah, hes not so patient, is he?” Jacob said, noticing my distraction. â€Å"Go ahead. But come back soon, okay?”\r\nâ€Å"Sure, Jake,” I promised, breeze the car door open. Cold air washed across my legs and made me shiver.\r\nâ€Å" stillness tight, Bells. Dont worry about anything †Ill be honoring out for you tonight.”\r\nI paused, one foot on the ground. â€Å"No, Jake. Get some rest, Ill be fine.”\r\nâ€Å"Sure, sure,” he said, but he sounded more patronizing than agreeing.\r\nâ€Å"‘Night, Jake. Thanks.”\r\nâ€Å"‘Night, Bella,” he whispered as I hurried into the darkness.\r\nEdward caught me at the confines line.\r\nâ€Å"Bella,” he said, relief strong in his voice; his arms wound tightly around me.\r\nâ€Å"Hi. Sorry Im so late. I fell asleep and -â€Å"\r\nâ€Å"I know. Jacob explained.” He started toward the c ar, and I staggered woodenly at his side. â€Å" atomic number 18 you tired? I could carry you.”\r\nâ€Å"Im fine.”\r\nâ€Å"Lets get you home and in bed. Did you have a nice time?”\r\nâ€Å"Yeah †it was amazing, Edward. I wish you could have come. I cant even explain it. Jakes dad told us the old legends and it was like . . . like magic.”\r\nâ€Å"Youll have to tell me about it. After youve slept.”\r\nâ€Å"I wont get it right,” I said, and then I yawned hugely.\r\nEdward chuckled. He opened my door for me, lifted me in, and buckled my stern belt around me.\r\nBright lights flashed on and swept across us. I waved toward Jacobs headlights, but I didnt know if he saw the gesture. That night †after Id gotten past Charlie, who didnt give me as much trouble as Id expected because Jacob had called him, too †instead of collapsing in bed right away, I leaned out the open window while I waited for Edward to come back. The night was s urprisingly cold, almost wintry. I hadnt detect it at all on the windy cliffs; I imagined that had less to do with the fire than it did with sitting next to Jacob.\r\nIcy droplets spattered against my face as the rain began to fall.\r\nIt was too dark to see much besides the black triangles of the spruces inclining and shaking with the wind. But I laboured my eyes anyway, searching for other shapes in the storm. A pale silhouette, lamentable like a ghost through the black . . . or maybe the shadowy muster in of an grand wolf. . . . My eyes were too weak.\r\nThen there was a movement in the night, right beside me. Edward slid through my open window, his hands colder than the rain.\r\nâ€Å"Is Jacob out there?” I asked, shiver as Edward pulled me into the circle of his arm.\r\nâ€Å"Yes . . . somewhere. And Esmes on her way home.”\r\nI sighed. â€Å"Its so cold and wet. This is silly.” I shivered again.\r\nHe chuckled. â€Å"Its only cold to you, Bella.â⠂¬Â\r\nIt was cold in my dream that night, too, maybe because I slept in Edwards arms. But I dreamt I was outside in the storm, the wind debacle my hair in my face and blind my eyes. I stood on the rocky semilunar of First Beach, trying to understand the quickly moving shapes I could only pallidly see in the darkness at the shores edge. At first, there was nothing but a flash of white and black, darting toward each other and dancing away. And then, as if the dream had suddenly broken from the clouds, I could see everything.\r\nRosalie, her hair swinging wet and golden down to the back of her knees, was lunging at an enormous wolf †its muzzle shot through with silver †that I instinctively recognized as Billy Black.\r\nI broke into a run, but found myself moving in the frustrating slow motion of dreamers. I tried to scream to them, to tell them to stop, but my voice was stolen by the wind, and I could make no sound. I waved my arms, hoping to charm their attention. So mething flashed in my hand, and I noticed for the first time that my right hand wasnt empty.\r\nI held a long, sharp blade, ancient and silver, gruff in dried, blackened blood.\r\nI cringed away from the knife, and my eyes snapped open to the quiet darkness of my bedroom. The first thing I realized was that I was not alone, and I turned to bury my face in Edwards chest, knowing the sweet scent of his skin would hang back the nightmare away more efficaciously than anything else.\r\nâ€Å"Did I wake you?” he whispered. There was the sound of paper, the ruffling of foliates, and a faint vanquish as something light fell to the wooden floor.\r\nâ€Å"No,” I mumbled, sighing in contentment as his arms tightened around me. â€Å"I had a bad dream.”\r\nâ€Å"Do you want to tell me about it?”\r\nI shook my head. â€Å" too tired. Maybe in the daybreak, if I remember.”\r\nI felt a silent laugh shake through him.\r\nâ€Å"In the morning,” he agre ed.\r\nâ€Å"What were you reading?” I muttered, not really awake at all.\r\nâ€Å"Wuthering Heights,” he said.\r\nI frowned sleepily. â€Å"I thought you didnt like that book.”\r\nâ€Å"You left it out,” he murmured, his soft voice lulling me toward unconsciousness. â€Å" in any case . . . the more time I degenerate with you, the more human emotions seem comprehensible to me. Im discovering that I can sympathize with Heathcliff in ways I didnt think possible before.”\r\nâ€Å"Mmm,” I sighed.\r\nHe said something else, something low, but I was already asleep.\r\nThe next morning dawned pearl gray and still. Edward asked me about my dream, but I couldnt get a handle on it. I only remembered that I was cold, and that I was glad he was there when I woke up. He kissed me, long enough to get my pulse racing, and then headed home to change and get his car.\r\nI dress quickly, low on options. Whoever had ransacked my chemical bond had criticall y impaired my wardrobe. If it wasnt so frightening, it would be seriously annoying.\r\nAs I was about to head down for breakfast, I noticed my battered copy of Wuthering Heights lying open on the floor where Edward had dropped it in the night, holding his place the way the shamed binding always held mine.\r\nI picked it up curiously, trying to remember what hed said. Something about feeling sympathy for Heathcliff, of all people. That couldnt be right; I must have dreamed that part.\r\nThree words on the open page caught my eye, and I bent my head to read the paragraph more closely. It was Heathcliff speaking, and I knew the passage well.\r\nAnd there you see the musical note between our feelings: had he been in my place and I in his, though I hated him with a hatred that turned my life to gall, I never would have raised a hand against him. You may look incredulous, if you please! I never would have banished him from her society as long as she desired his. The moment her run into ceased, I would have torn his heart out, and drank his blood! But, till then †if you dont believe me, you dont know me †till then, I would have died by inches before I touched a single hair of his head!\r\nThe three words that had caught my eye were â€Å"drank his blood.”\r\nI shuddered.\r\nYes, surely I must have dreamt that Edward said anything positive about Heathcliff. And this page was probably not the page hed been reading. The book could have fallen open to any page.\r\n'

'Boy in the Striped Pjs\r'

'â€Å"The boy in the striped pyjamas” by John Boyne is a book ab step up a nine grade old boy c all in alled Bruno who is growing up in Berlin during World War II. He lives a in truth comfortable life in a macroscopic house with his parents and his sister, not forgetting the maid and the cook. But this all changes precise soon when his father who is a truly high-ranking soldier is promoted to â€Å"Commandant” and to Bruno’s sadness the family have to move to a place which Bruno refers to as out-with. Bruno immediately becomes very homesick for many reasons.He misses his grandparents, his house, his terzetto best friends for life and of course his adventures. Bruno is a very curious boy and while looking out of his window one day he observe that there were other the great unwashed, lots of masses. It isn’t immense before Bruno decides to ask his father about these people but his father tells him that they are not people at all. It turns out that it is the extermination camp Auschwitz and delinquent to Bruno’s curiosity and boredom he decides to explore and it is here at the fence that he meets and befriends a young boy called Shmuel.Almost every day he meets Shmuel and they talk by the fence both on separate sides but they are both do-or-die(a) to play with each other and conveniently Shmuel’s father goes missing and he needs Bruno’s help to find him. They make a curtain raising in the fence just big teeming for a small boy to fit through and Bruno goes into the camp with a pair of striped pyjamas and it is consequently that something unimaginable happens. In this essay my task is to attain how well John Boyne has involved the commentator throughout his challenging novel to ensure our sympathies for Bruno.\r\n'

'Berkshire Threaded Fasteners Case Essay\r'

'Berkshire thread FastenersBerkshire Threaded Fasteners Company has recently lost their president, John Magers. The consequenceing grant of his inexperienced son Joe Magers has range to the fraternity’s leaving of confidence. Brandon Cook is the recently constitute public manger who was hired to turn the company near after(prenominal) a blemish of $70,000 in a good business year. As a ingredient of an outside consulting firm I pitch been called in to give advice on the problems the company is facing. The judgment of conviction occlusion has been updated to the present prison terms.\r\nManu featureuring ProcessSee accessory A for the detailed manufacturing process. In short, holdfasts begin as wires, rods and bars which be so cut to length, headed and finally threaded. What should be n wizd is that this special(prenominal) manufacturing process called cold forming is high-speed, high- pile, economical and has low wastage. such economies of scale forget a llow Berkshire to offset the real high make ups of cold-forming equipment.\r\nBusiness St localizegyA c arful epitome is wishinged in ensnare to come up Berkshire’s business dodging. At first one would theorize it was point of intersection s foreveral(predicate)iation because of the inelastic beseech in the short electioneering. But one affair that should overly be famed is the fact that for most goods, demand is more than more(prenominal) than scathe elastic in the long run than in the short run. This excite with the fact that Berkshire is convinced that it could not individually bid expenses without suffering substantial volume dec beginnings, and that all the products of the different manufacturers in the pains are genuinely similar, corroborate that their business strategy is in fact cost leaders. Another piece of evidence that to a fault supports this strategy is the fact that the major focus of their beting transcription seems to be on cos t reduction.\r\nPlace in the EconomyThe industrial fastener industry has been experiencing modest harvest-home since the 1990s with an average per annum r in meterue growth rate of 3.6% ; though the chassis of employees wee remained relatively the same. The northwestern Ameri suffer fastener industry is still anticipate to grow by some 4% per year despite the competition from foreign countries. However this do represents a parentage from the 9% growth special K which occurred in 1998.\r\nThe North American fastener ware is strongly tied to the output of automobiles, aircraft, appliances, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the building of commercial buildings and infrastructure. The more these industries prosper, the greater the demand and prospects for the fastener will thither be. There has been as ever expanding market for fasteners in the 21st century in the aero set industry. In fact a 9% one-year growth in fasteners for this industry can be expected. Mot or vehicle gross sales have as well as summationd by 9.6% from 2005 to 2006. Unfortunately housing starts have exactly increased by 0.7% from 2005.\r\nIn the prospective analysts expect metal fasteners to face competition from the adhesives industry as more products are being make with plastic, a product best joined unneurotic by adhesives. Also buyers have this instant been demanding advanced and diverse fasteners which are also more surroundingsally friendly- fasteners that maintain lubricity without the use of cadmium, a suspected carcinogen. So the industry is boringly shifting its focus to more highly engineered, technologically advanced fasteners.\r\nSWOTStrengths:1) Newly appointed Brandon Cook has wide executive experience in manufacturing products similar to that of Berkshire.\r\n2) Berkshire operates in a capital intensive industry. But as a percentage of follow sales, Berkshire’s labour costs are 24.69%. This suggests that they e really still retain the ir employees even when they could have make without them or that they pay very high salaries to a few workers. This shows that Berkshire has either very loyal employees or very skilled employees- both being assets. Weaknesses:1) Joe Magers is not very experienced and the company is facing losings in the production of the 200 and lead hundred serial’.\r\n2) As a percentage of total sales, Berkshire’s stock-still costs are 47.37%. This is much higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than what a worth competitive manufacturer manage Berkshire should have had.\r\n3) Berkshire pays 49% of all its wages and salaries to administrative and sales employee, when the industry average is 27% . This shows short(p) decision\r\nmaking processes of the firm.\r\nOpportwholeies:1) If product lines are discontinued, with the plain capacity and skilled labour force they can branch out into the production of more diverse fasteners. This ties in with the fact mentioned previous ly that buyers are straightway demanding more specialise products. Threats:1) Berkshire operates in an industry where a few of its competitors are much larger.\r\n2) The industry is dominated by Bosworth who dictates the prices that are charged for fasteners.\r\n3) Buyers are slowly demanding more specialized fasteners.\r\nProblemWhat is very evident is that the company is losing money on its products. In the previous time period they had incurred a blemish of $70,000. Berkshire is unsure if it is the ending of the production of the ccc series or the price decisions of the atomic number 6 series. These alternatives need a careful outline in do to make informed decisions that will help turn the company almost.\r\n alternate #1 Status QuoQuantitative Analysis:In order to determine if the company should â€Å"do nothing,” is to predict the future notes clings and exonerate income (loss) for the moment half of the year. See Appendix B for this calculation. The pred icted crystallize income is in fact a loss of 1134. Yet, pull in income may not be a faithful representation, so interchange immixs have also been faced. The predicted specie flow is a nix essence of 388. These metres while better than alternative #3 (drop the three hundred series) is not as good as the funds flow and net income amounts for alternative #2 ( compress price trains of the speed of light series).\r\nOne very definitive thing that needs to be noted is the fact that multivariate costs are indeed relevant. stiff costs remain constant even after the production is stopped, nevertheless uncertain costs increase and decrease with production. Therefore the total contribution boundary line for this alternative was calculated to be 1504 which does show this alternative in a better light specially when in comparison to its net loss and cash flow figures.\r\nqualitative Analysis:The trim production of the 100 series as a contribute of the price aim remaining the same will have a significant impact on Berkshire. The reduced production may lead to employees badgering about the fact that they may be rigid off to such an extent that their productivity is importantly geted. Berkshire could also develop a written report of charging higher prices than the industry standard and they could end up loosing more and more buyers to competitors.\r\n pick #2 Change price level to $2.25 for the 100 seriesQuantitative Analysis:In order to determine if the price level needs to be dropped a few calculations are needed. First a prediction of its impact on the net income and cash flows for the second half of the year is needed. These calculations are shown in Appendix C. The predicted net income figure is a loss of 1035. The predicted cash flow is a negative amount of 289. While these figures do seem abysmal, what should be noted is that in comparison to the other alternatives, these figures are much better. Both the net loss and negative cash flow amoun ts in this alternative is 99 land than the â€Å"status quo” alternative and 338.58 lower than the â€Å"drop 300 series” alternative. This hints to the fact that maybe the price should in fact be dropped.\r\nAnother fact that backs this trust up is in the calculation of the parting gross profit (CM) for both price levels, based on info from the first half of the year. Table 2 in Appendix A shows this calculation. While the CM of the virgin price level is lower than that of the original level (0.96 vs. 1.16), the fact that they will sell 250,000 units more (and accordingly a higher total CM for the late-sprung(prenominal) price) clearly makes up for this difference. The success of the unfermented prices level will be contingent on the number of units sold. What is very dangerous about this alternative is that if in the future the demand in the market for this product line slumps, only a very humiliated amount of money will be on tap(predicate) to be used to pay off the fixed costs.\r\nQualitative Analysis:The change in price level will not have much of an aftermath on the employees of Berkshire because they would still be producing around the same amount of units (1000000 vs. 996859). They would not have to touch on about being laid off. What will be affected is Berkshire’s reputation. If they had not changed they would have genuine a reputation of charging high prices. The reduction of the price would put them at par with Bosworth.\r\n preference #3 Drop 300 seriesQuantitative Analysis:In order to determine if the 300 series needs to be dropped a few calculations are needed. First a prediction of the impact of its removal on the net income and cash flows for the second half of the year is needed. The predicted net income figure is a loss of 1373.58 and the predicted cash flow is calculated to be a negative amount of 627.70. The net loss figure calculated is the highest loss of all three alternatives and the negative cash flow amount is also much higher than the alternatives as well. This hints to the fact that maybe the 300 series line should not be dropped. Also, if the 300 series had been dropped at the beginning of the year it can be seen that there would have been a loss of -183. See the calculations for these amount in Appendix D.\r\nAnother aspect that backs up this assertion is the calculation of the Contribution Margins for all three product lines based on first half information. Even though Berkshire incurred a loss of .22/unit in the first half for series 300, when you calculate the CM it is a whole new story- the CM of 300 is a positive number- 1.15/unit, this means that Berkshire would in fact incur an even greater loss if they chose to halt production. The 1.15 per unit would no longer be available to cover some of the fixed costs. What is also surprising is the fact that the 300 series Contribution Margin is not far behind from that of the 100 series (the most profitable product line) and equal to that of the 200 series.\r\nA few other very important observations also need to be interpreted into account. First, since many products do cover all their variable costs, no product line would ever be dropped if only a contribution margin epitome were conducted. Second, even though the 300 series covers its variable costs and part of its fixed costs, it proves to be deck the stairs par when considering full costs. Finally, in the long run all costs are variable, so the 300 series in this time frame is in fact a poor product line.\r\nQualitative Analysis:If the 300 series was dropped it would have a significant qualitative impact on Berkshire and its employees. solely the employees who were involved in the production of this line would either have to be laid off (which would have a negative impact on the reputation of the firm), or they could still be retained (which would lead to them obtaining a deep sense of respect and dedication to the firm). Also the employees wh o would be shifted around would gain a greater skill set and hence live on very valuable assets to the company.\r\nEvaluation of the alternativesComparison Table1) Profitability2) Timeliness3) Consistency with Strategy.\r\nAlternative #1-$11347 daysnot as muchAlternative #2-$10354-7 daysYesAlternative #3-$137410-14 daysNot as much1) Profitability:The primary mark of all businesses, no matter how big or small, is profit. That is why as a criterion, Profitability was inclined the number one rank. The three alternatives can comfortably be evaluated on this criterion by examine the net income figures. Alternative #2 easily succeeds in this criterion. Despite the fact that it does have a net loss, the loss was not as great as that of Alternative #1 and #3. One important thing that should be noted is the fact that perhaps the second half of the season is always a slow period and that is why the net income figures are so low.\r\n2) Timeliness:Berkshire operates in a business environm ent where if firms that lag behind in decision making, execution of instrument of policies etc, they will be left behind with no profits. That is why Timeliness was given the rank of two.\r\n surprisingly Status Quo would have an implementation time of around 7 days. Since keeping the price level of the 100 series the same at 2.45/unit would case in them producing 385332 less number of units (See Appendix E for the calculation), time would be need to shift employees around to new jobs in the firm, possibly exclude atomic reactor a warehouse or even transfer the machines used to produce the 100 series to now produce a different product line.\r\nAlternative #2, â€Å"reduce price level” would probably only take 4-7 days to implement. The only thing Berkshire would need to do would be to inform their current buyers of their new price level and perhaps also to kick upstairs the lower price in a specialized fastener industry journal.\r\nAlternative #3, â€Å"drop the 300 se ries” would probably take around 10-14 days. Not only would Berkshire need to shift employees around, close down a warehouse etc, as a result of producing a lower number of 100 series units, but they would also have to announce the dropping of the 300 series line to its buyers, move even more employees around (or possibly lay them off), close even more warehouses down, move machinery around the manufacturing space etc. This would be a very time consuming process.\r\nOverall Alternative #2 would set ahead in this criterion as it would have a less time consuming implementation time and process.\r\n3) Consistency with Strategy:This criterion was given a rank of three because while necessary in the evaluation, Profitability and Timeliness do have a greater importance. In the short run Alternative #2 had the greatest consistency with strategy. Berkshire is a cost leader, and reducing the prices of the 100 series ties in very well with this strategy. Alternative #1 and #3 chose not to reduce the price and this decision conflicts with their cost leadership strategy.\r\nConclusionOverall I would recommend that Berkshire implement Alternative #2- reduce the price level of the 100 series, as it did win in all three criteria. But one important thing needs a re-mention. The CM per unit of the reduced price level was lower than that of the higher price level. It was only because of the higher volume of sales did it manage to have a higher total contribution margin. In the future if sales volumes drop, despite the price change Berkshire would incur toilsome losses. At this present time Alternative #1 and #3 are both very dead and will still be in the future. At least Alternative #1 is not as unprofitable at this present time but what happens in the future will all suppose on sales.\r\nRecommendations for Specific Action1) Chose a date when the price change will come in to effect and make sure all current buyers are aware of this well ahead of time.\r\n2) Advertise in newspapers, journals etc to get the message across to new buyers that Berkshire has reduced its prices.\r\n3) All forms, documentation, accounting systems etc should be changed to take into account the new price level.\r\n4) Make sure that there are people at hand to question the market and evaluate whether demand is going to decline for the 100 series.\r\n5) Make sure that there are researches available to study the market for new trends and new types of fasteners that could be produced in the future.\r\n'

'Global Expansion Plan\r'

'LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 22 November 2012 Datuk Steven Sim Chief executive officer and managing director ar bathum pattern Cakes and Cafe Sdn Bhd Malaysia Dear Sir, FINAL piece SUBMISSION †EXPANSION PLAN TO VIETNAM MARKET enrapture find attached the inform requested by the Board. This report reveals an insight into the Viet givese marketplace and explains wherefore this is a po cardinaltial superstar to station in. We hold that the randomness provided is useful in the closing-making with regard to throw give away development of inscrutable expression in the future.If you carry alone farther clarification on the report, enrapture do non hesitate to contact me, the ag collection leader, at an email address: [email protected] nottingham. edu. my Yours since curse, Nguyen Huynh Bao Ngoc On behalf of the spherical St placegy Team Table of circumscribe 1. Executive thickset3 2. ledger penetration4 3. Methodology5 4. Findings and Discussion6 4. 1. Motives of internationalisation6 4. 2. Justification of entryway into Vietnam6 5. Conclusion13 6. Recommendations:14 6. 1. near withdraw strategy14 6. 2. Entry mode14 6. 3.Appropriate organization structure15 7. References16 1. Executive summary This report critic all in ally examines the possibility of Vietnam to be the next stop in out of sight normal’s planetary blowup plan. Initially, the report highlights the current spectacular achievements that hole-and-corner(a) rule has been attaining from its very first off internationalized activity. Employing the squ ar-toed strategy and universe favored by consumers all guarantee an auspicious future for the reach. Taking all of these merits, the comp all consecutively looks for clean marketplaces with peeled resources.Simultaneously, findings behave shown that Vietnam is an appealing market because of its potentials in a aggressive economy and long-term valueability, as well as rich resources. Then, the c mortifi ednish bump analysis and the dry land market and effort opportunities analysis were introduced to evaluate Vietnam’s benefits and drawbacks. The result is that in that respect argon rooms for both of them. Therefore, so as to be successful, recommendations on appropriate gate mode, strategy and organization structure be specified.To be more detailed, the approximately suitable entry mode is master franchising via a joint back because it brings ab egress the positively high certainty in operating. As for strategy, it is an international one to ensure uniformity in the menu and concept by winning control over the hollow out competencies and leaving separate decisions to foreign subsidiaries. Besides, the Worldwide Area Structure is bouncy in terms of managing the company’s global expansion as it enables local responsiveness and modify authority, which both matter for future yield.Finally, the main result is that Vietnam is the right solution for the Board ’s decision to expand overseas. Nonetheless, the management should cautiously take into deem the recommendations so that Secret formula can win. 2. Introduction Secret formula has gained its popularity not only in Malaysia but also across the region. The great follow stemmed from the ambience brought to clients and the high-quality nutrient served at tenablenessable prices. The enactment of foreign outlets is instantly exceeding 40 and is expecting to increase.According to Welch and Luostarinen (1988), internationalization can be described as a process by which the direct of pastime in overseas activities of a firm rises. Indeed, adding the identification number of overseas outlets up to 100 was part of the pushy global expansion plan. Recently, the company has spent RM60 one million million million to invest in 2 more new markets which ar India and Cambodia (TheSundaily. com, 2011). Evangelista (1994) argues that the readiness to fund international activities proves that firms desires to question further.In the past 3 years, the company has witnessed an annual leaventh rate of 30% (Articlebase. com, 2011). Taking advantage of both the re shedation and the offshoot pace, it is the right time to vex one step further and seize the opportunities forthcoming in a new market to grow even larger. The Global Strategy Team, after doing look on several potential markets within the Asiatic area, strongly recommends Vietnam. In this report, the motives of internationalization of Secret chemical formula impart be disclosed, as well as the motives of choosing Vietnam as a new international market leave behind also be revealed.And as for a smooth penetrating process, recommendations relating to the strategy to be implemented, to the entry mode to be executed, and to the organization structure to be formed leave be leaveed. 3. Methodology The development and data given were collected from many semipolitical relation and organization websi tes, namely Datamonitor, Trading Economics, public Statistics procedure of Vietnam, and so forthtera Besides, a proportion of them were also taken from reliable online discussionpapers such as TheSundaily. com.In addition, knowledge from planetary Business books and journals was also introduced to help provide a better understanding. Nevertheless, referable to the unavailability of official information about Secret convention performance, the analysis had to rely entirely on online newspapers and the CEO’s reported interviews. In addition, the focus of the report is mostly on the intellectual nourishment sector, not the franchising one. It is due(p) to the well-structured characteristic of the franchising that it promotes a simple way to interpret and analyze.By contrast, nourishment is a subjective topic as it relates to mortalal opinion, indeed there are limits on suggestions. 4. Findings and Discussion 4. 1. Motives of internationalization Secret Recipe is now among the fastest-growing restaurant manacles both domestically and regionally. For the last 5 years, the growth rate has been an amazing double-digit figure (TheSundaily, 2011), accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of outlets. Currently, its outlets present in 8 Asian countries including China, Australia and Pakistan.In any market, there is always a positive response from the consumers. A proven fact is that Secret Recipe has been portrayed with many titles such as â€Å"Best Cheese legal profession award”, â€Å"Malaysia’s best local restaurant chain”, â€Å"Indonesians Best Restaurant Award”, â€Å"Singapores Excellent nourishment Award”, â€Å"Best Restaurant Award †Philippines Talter”, etc. This is to say, Secret Recipe, after securing its stance in Malaysia, is interminably gaining customer awareness and fame throughout the region. As a result, Secret Recipe’s movement could be best explained using discrimin ating paradigm (Dunning, 1980, 1981).Among the 3 advantage factors recognized by the Eclectic paradigm, the will force advantage appears to be most relevant to the stage backcloth of Secret Recipe. As stated above, the company now possesses a valuable intangible asset which is sizable discolouration awareness. Besides, stated in the guess, one of the reasons skunk the internationalization of a multinational firm is market seeking investment. In this particular case, Secret Recipe is to exploit new market (i. e. Vietnam) because of its prospects of market size of it and market growth (Dunning and Lundan, 2008) 4. 2. Justification of entering into Vietnam Vietnam risk analysis:Political risks Vietnam is famous for its political stability. This diminishes the hazard and uncertainty of foreign investors deciding to invest in Vietnam. According to Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011), the Vietnamese political environment remains almost steady in the past 15 years. jut 1 bug: Worldwide Governance Indicators (2011) Note: Percentile ranks show the percentage of countries worldwide that rank lower than the indicated country, so that higher values indicate better brass section scores. The line graphs include margins of error shown as pelt along lines, corresponding to 90% confidence intervals.Competitive risks subversion train in Vietnam is reported to be one of the highest in the world. According to Transparency International, 2011’s score was 2. 9, which increase 0. 2 points compared to the year before. Indeed, in manageness to some other countries in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Thailand, Vietnam’s freedom from putrefaction index remains low (refer to figure 2). However, the formation of the Vietnam Anti-Corruption Initiative Program 2011 (VACI) back up by World Bank somehow saves the situation. Figure 2. Vietnam’s freedom from Corruption in comparison with Malaysia, Thailand and the World AverageSource: Heritage (20 12) Operational risks Suppliers play an definitive role in deciding the quality. In any market, suppliers are abundant but not all of them can provide what Secret Recipe desires for a good menu. Therefore, an insightful search should be carried out before entering the market. Economic risks The inflation rate of Vietnam fluctuates wildly (refer to figure 3). This issue somehow imposes a concern, as the less wealthy class will be more conscious with eat-out whenever the rate is high, which lastly will negatively impact the foodservice sales. Figure 3 Source: TradingEconomis. om | General Statistics Office of Vietnam Vietnam market and persistence opportunities: Market: In the World Bank’s 2011 Annual Report, Vietnam is perceived to reach a middle-income level country soon enough. The Vietnamese foodservice industriousness grew at a CAGR of 6% from 2005 to 2009. It is estimated that the growth rate would be at a CAGR of 4. 5% from 2010 to 2014 (Datamonitor, 2011). In novel y ears, the country has also witnessed a steady urbanization, with a rate of 3. 1% in 2010 (ReportLinker, 2012) accompanied by a sharp rise in state, implying an increase demand for food.The rationale behind this is that as battalion move to big cities to work, they will have shrimpy time to prepare their own meals. Thus, eating out becomes an optimal choice. Also, according to that report by ReportLinker, there has been a surge in the number of households in Vietnamese economy. Two types of households that contribute the most the effort are single member households and working couples as it fits into their fast-paced lifestyle. Furthermore, Vietnamese population is huge (87. 84 million in 2011) and young. Specifically, in 2010, the group 15-29 (i. e. argeting customer of Secret Recipe) appeared to be significantly larger than others. It is predicted that the group will be expanding in the next ten years, indicating a long-term growth for Secret Recipe in Vietnam food industry. F igure 4. Vietnam population by age and sex in 2010 Figure 5. Vietnam population by age and sex in 2020 Resources: craunch: Secret Recipe can be unspoilt from a low-cost and huge workforce. According to General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 57. 2% of Vietnam’s population participated to repulse market and 32. 5% of them had undergone or completed a vocational/professional training.It somehow guarantees skilled tire out force availability. Raw materials: Basic ingredients are obtainable here in Vietnam. However, only competent suppliers cost the contracts otherwise they may ruin Secret Recipe’s image. Nonetheless, some of the flavors can be expensive as they are imported goods with high prices. An accession to this problem could be buying in mountain and storing them for further process. Location: A number of obtain malls and superior residential areas are being build as a developing plan (Food operate in Vietnam, Market Analysis, 2012). Therefore, Secret Re cipe can easily reach to its customers.Apparently, however, rental price should be considered consciously. Competition: Porter’s Five Forces model, which consists of tail fin elements, is used to give an overall picture of the food industry in Vietnam. Intensity of rivalry: culture medium Currently, in terms of cheese cake, which is a core product of Secret Recipe, there are no direct competitors as none of the existing players show their menu on that. Nonetheless, as for other Vietnamese dishes that will be developed later on, Secret Recipe should be aware that they have been being offered by domestic independents for years (Food Service profile, 2012).Their uncomplicated advantage is the understanding of the market, customers and their taste perception, which will take generation for Secret Recipe to gain. Threats of new entrants: Medium to spicy Setting up a food stage duty commandly does not require high heavy(p) in comparison to other artes. However, the proce dure to claim for permission to do business in Vietnam inescapably good relationship with the government activity. Undoubtedly, food is a recession-free industry; hence business entities can earn profit eventually setting foot into this industry. dicker power of suppliers: LowAs mentioned, in order not to ruin Secret Recipe’s name, only reliable and qualified suppliers filmed. Therefore, once the contract is signed between the ii parties, it will be a long-term one and thus the switching cost would be comparatively high, causing the suppliers’ bargaining power to be low. Bargaining power of customers: High Vietnamese food consumers are offered with many choices. Currently, there are several cake patsys operating in Vietnam such as capital of France Baguette, Chewy Junior (Singapore brand), Tour le Jour (Korean brand).Besides, thoroughfare vendors’ food is plentiful with many different taste and prices to learn from. Consequently, together with a favor i n low switching cost, customers can easily go to another restaurant if they want to. Threats of substitutes: High Cakes are not that essential in a person’s daily life. Moreover, food in general in Vietnam is diversified and can be prime on any street with a comparatively reasonable price, mostly serve local cuisines to their generally native customers especially in big cities homogeneous Ho Chi Minh City.Thus, when it comes to hunger, people can choose from a wide range of them. 5. Conclusion To put it in a nutshell, the motives of internationalization of Secret Recipe can be best enlightened applying Eclectic paradigm, particularly the Ownership advantage. At the moment, the company’s strategy is trying to spread its brand name beyond borders by constantly looking for new international markets and by bravely spending figure on them. Accordingly, one with great potentials would be worth(predicate) the investment.All the findings and data have proved that Vietnam comes in the first place in the list of promising marketplaces due to its strongly growing economy, low-cost labor, and dynamic food market. Although entering into the country poses obstacles (e. g. intense competition, good authorities relationship) and economic banes (e. g. unstable inflation rate, high corruption rate), choosing the right strategy, the right means of going into it and structure a suitable organization structure would harbor an effective and efficient managing job. 6. Recommendations: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1.Most appropriate strategy The most suitable strategy to be executed when entering Vietnam market is international strategy. There are twain reasons for this choice. Firstly, the Secret Recipe’s menu on cheese cakes was originally developed by Malaysian chefs. People come to the restaurant mostly to transport the unique fine taste and the ambience there. Therefore, the R;D function should be in the home office country so that the uniqueness making t he brand name will always be the same. This happens to be parallel with the top management’s stand in which the menu stays unchanged in any market.Secondly, the pressure for local responsiveness is low, not zero. Also, the most crucial characteristic of any organization is the willingness to develop products for foreign markets (Rosson and fording, 1982). In fact, the success of Secret Recipe in foreign markets has its root in the willingness to include the popular dishes of the local food culture. Furthermore, Vietnamese consumers favor their traditional dishes such as Pho, border rolls, etc. Thus, being able to fruitfully offer them in the menu will certainly be an advantage. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 7. 2. Entry modeOviatt and McDougall (1994) advise that firms should use ”alternative brass instrument structures”, such as franchising, licensing. And together with the analyses about Vietnam risks and industry opportunities, the recommended entry mode for Secre t Recipe is establishing a master franchise via a joint venture. The reasons are as follows. First of all, Secret Recipe is in the food industry where the best mean of doing business is franchising. Indeed, the company has achieved its regional prospect thanks to right on implementing that form. In other words, the management is experienced.Moreover, the franchising is now astray perceived and accepted by Vietnamese business entities and the government, making the process easier and less costly. Secondly, Secret Recipe is still on the progress of opening a foreign market, thus what matters the most to the management would be the development costs and risks. As a result, setting up a master franchise will somehow save the management from many problems as it is now the master franchisee’s job to select and train franchisees, select locations, etc. Also, the costs and risks will be shared with the local quisling in a joint venture.Thirdly, there is always a need to reduce con trol challenges and to protect the brand name, as well as to benefit from a local partners’ knowledge of the host country’s competitive conditions, culture, language, political and business systems whenever expanding internationally. In this sense, a joint venture appears to be essential and practical. Besides, due to the complexity of Vietnamese market, a Vietnamese partner would be helpful in negotiating with the authorities, finding suppliers, recruiting personnel, etc. 7. 3. Appropriate organization structureIn terms of global expansion management, the recommendation structure goes to Worldwide Area Structure. The reason is that for farther development, Secret Recipe will apparently expand to other markets in different countries and territories round the world. Sooner or later, the management will have to deal with problems arising from dissimilarities in customers taste, operational issues, etc. Consequently, to save costs and efforts, it is necessary to have a alter bureaucracy, which can be built under a Worldwide Area structure.Plus, the structure facilitates local responsiveness, which is comparatively crucial to a restaurant chain like Secret Recipe. On the other hand, the structure bears the threat of fragmentation of the organization. Hence, it needs close monitor and oscillating review. [Words count: 2,254] 7. 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